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ABS-PRC001-EN
Figure FB-1. Single-stage absorption refrigeration cycle
Refrigeration
Cycle
Features and
Benefits
(1) Solution 215°F [102°C], Vapor 207°F [97°C]
(2) Refrigerant 100°F [38°C], Entering/
Leaving Cooling Water
94°F/102°F [34°C/39°C]
(3)
Entering/Leaving System
Water 54°F/44°F [12°C/7°C],
Evaporator Pump
Refrigerant 41°F [5°C]
(4) Leaving Solution 107°F
[42°C], Entering/Leaving
Cooling Water 85°F/94°F
[29°C/34°C]
(5) Entering
Solution
120°F [49°C]
(6)
Horizon Single-Stage
Absorption Refrigeration Cycle
Refrigeration Cycle
This is an example of typical machine
operation at a standard rating point
condition (i.e., 85°F [29.4°C] tower, 44°F
[6.7°C] leaving chilled water) at full load.
Dilute solution has a relatively high
refrigerant content and low lithium
bromide content. An intermediate
solution is a mixture of dilute and
concentrated solutions. A concentrated
solution is one with a relatively low
refrigerant content and high lithium
bromide content.
Generator (1)
Dilute solution is pumped into the
generator, where it is boiled by the
steam or hot water in the tube bundle,
creating refrigerant vapor. The
refrigerant vapor flows to the condenser
(2). The now-concentrated solution
flows by gravity, through the solution
heat exchanger to the absorber spray
system, where it is mixed with dilute
solution from the absorber and sprayed
on the absorber tube bundle.
Condenser (2)
Refrigerant vapor, produced by the
generator, enters the condenser and
changes to a liquid through
condensation. The heat of condensation
is rejected to the cooling water inside the
tube bundle.
Evaporator (3)
The liquid refrigerant leaves the
condenser through a J tube, where the
pressure/temperature is reduced
through expansion for delivery to the
evaporator at 41°F [5°C]. System water
runs through the tube bundle where its
heat is transferred to the refrigerant,
causing the refrigerant to vaporize/boil.
The refrigerant vapor flows to the
slightly lower pressure in the absorber.
Absorber (4)
Refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the
lithium bromide solution. The now-dilute
solution is pumped through the solution
heat exchanger and on to the generator.
The heat of vapor absorption is rejected
via the cooling water inside the tube
bundle.
Absorption Process (5)
Solution (concentrated) enters the spray
system from the generator and enters
the spray system, wetting the tubes and
providing a liquid surface for the
refrigerant vapor (from the evaporator)
to absorb into the lithium bromide
solution. The solution temperature/
concentration sprayed in the absorber
controls the absorber pressure, thereby
controlling the evaporator refrigerant
temperature.
Solution Heat Exchanger (6)
Solution flows through the heat
exchanger to be preheated, reducing the
heat energy required to induce boiling
within the generator, and to decrease the
temperature of the solution being
returned to the absorber, thus
decreasing the load on the cooling
tower.